What Is Atypical Parkinson’s Disease

Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes Are A Group Of Rare Neurological Diseases That Share Some Of The Signs And Symptoms Of Parkinsons Disease But With Additional Atypical Signs Or Symptoms

Overview and Symptoms

Patients with parkinsonism manifest some or all of these key motor symptoms:

• Muscle rigidity
• Resting tremor
• Bradykinesia
• Postural instability

These motor symptoms and common non-motor symptoms vary from patient to patient. The majority of patients with parkinsonism are eventually diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease.

A small number of patients have types of parkinsonism that share some features with Parkinson’s disease, but have additional symptoms and are more rapidly progressive. These symptoms may be due to a known or suspected cause such as tumors, strokes, inflammation of the brain, drugs, and toxins or they may indicate a rare neurodegenerative disorder.

These neurodegenerative disorders are together described as Parkinson’s Plus syndrome or Atypical Parkinson’s. The diagnosis is made by very close monitoring of changes in the neurological exam over time in combination with tests to rule out other causes. There is currently no single clinical test to confirm the diagnosis. A definite diagnosis can only be made by examining post-mortem brain tissue under a microscope.

The main types of neurodegenerative Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes include:

Atypical Parkinsonism Is A Group Of Conditions Which May Appear Similar To Parkinsons Disease But Have Other Clinical Signs And Symptoms

The term parkinsonism refers to the appearance on exam similar to Parkinson’s disease, but Parkinson’s disease is not the only cause of parkinsonism.

Atypical parkinsonism is often referred to as “Parkinson’s-plus” because the conditions have parkinsonism plus another symptom.

Causes of Parkinsonism Other than Parkinson’s Disease Include:

CBD is a rare cause of atypical parkinsonism, and is manifested by dementia, unilateral parkinsonism, unilateral abnormal involuntary movements, and apraxia .

VASCULAR PARKINSONISM:This refers to shuffling gait, imbalance, and stooped posture due to multiple small strokes. These strokes may not have been apparent to the patient but as they accumulate the gait, balance and often memory are affected.

DRUG-INDUCED PARKINSONISM:Drug-induced parkinsonism refers to the appearance of parkinsonism in patients who are taking certain psychiatric or nausea medications such as Haldol , Abilify and Reglan . These patients do not have Parkinson’s disease or a neurodegenerative condition. Treatment for drug-induced parkinsonism is slowly tapering off the offending medications. However, sometimes the medications cannot be stopped; DaTscan can be useful to differentiate between drug-induced and degenerative parkinsonism.

Parkinson’s Disease Or Atypical Parkinsonism The Importance Of Acoustic Voice Analysis In Differential Diagnosis Of Speech Disorders

Department of Neurology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Correspondence

Renata Kowalska-Taczanowska, Department of Neurology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8; 03-242 Warsaw, Poland.

Department of Neurology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Correspondence

Renata Kowalska-Taczanowska, Department of Neurology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8; 03-242 Warsaw, Poland.

Parkinsonism Is Not Parkinsons Disease Although Parkinsonism Varies From Parkinsons Disease

 

While Parkinson’s disease is one of several kinds of Parkinsonism, there are other variants. Loss of cells in the brain region that creates dopamine is to blame.

The various kinds of Parkinson’s disease progress at varying rates. Parkinson’s disease progresses at different paces, depending on the individual. It may be reversible for others, such as secondary Parkinsonism.

Depending on the therapy used, the circumstances will also respond differently. Also, those who have parkinsonism type 2, which is distinct from Parkinson’s disease, could not react to levodopa, which is routinely used for Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinsonism can be difficult to differentiate because of its numerous subtypes. It looks at some of the common symptoms and treatments associated with Parkinson’s disease, along with some of the many forms of Parkinson’s disease.

 

 

Nonconventional Parkinsonism

Informative Source: any other form of Parkinsonism beyond Parkinson’s disease is called a “trusted source.”

Variations in Parkinsonism, for example, include:

the complications of multiple system atrophy

Multiple system atrophy is a rare, progressive illness defined by the deposition of aberrant proteins in the nervous system. It’s still unknown what causes it, and it impacts around 15,000 to 50,000 people.

 

Signs

 

However, as is seen in people with Parkinson’s disease, the earliest symptoms are nearly always rapid progression. It contains the following:

• The lack of speed in movement
• uncontrolled movement

 

 

 

The Role Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging For The Diagnosis Of Atypical Parkinsonism

• 1Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière–ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
• 2ICM, “Movement Investigations and Therapeutics” Team , Paris, France
• 3ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche–CENIR, Paris, France
• 4Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
• 5Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, MemoLife Labex, Paris, France
• 6Department of Neurology, Avicenne University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
• 7Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France

What Features Differentiate An Atypical Parkinsonism From Parkinson Disease

Early clinical features that suggest an atypical parkinsonism rather than Parkinson disease include the following :

• Falls at presentation or early in the disease

• Poor response to levodopa

• Rapid disease progression

• No tremor

• Dysautonomia

The atypical parkinsonisms are usually associated with little or no tremor, relatively early speech and balance difficulty, and little or no response to dopaminergic medications. Multiple system atrophy is relatively symmetric and characterized by parkinsonism, often with some combination of autonomic, corticospinal, and cerebellar dysfunction. Progressive supranuclear palsy is relatively symmetric and characterized by parkinsonism with early falls and a supranuclear gaze palsy in which the patient has difficulty with voluntary down-gaze. Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration is typically very asymmetric and characterized by both cortical and basal ganglionic features.

Assessing Disease Progression And Symptom Reduction In Patient Outcomes

While symptom management is important for patient quality of life, ultimately, disease progression must be slowed or delayed, positively affecting the bleak disability and mortality outcomes that accompany atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Currently, the US healthcare system emphasizes symptom management. However, it is imperative that the narrative broadens to incorporate delaying the progression of disease in addition to suppressing symptoms with a focus on disease modifying interventions.

Several scales have been developed to assess disease severity and disease progression, including the Parkinson’s Plus Scale, the Unified MSA Rating Scale, and the PSP Rating Scale.27–30 Each of these scales assesses physical and mental functionality as surrogate measures for disease progression. However, due to lack of clinical biomarkers, objective measures of disease progression have not been established.

Additionally, while these scales were developed to be used in both interventional trials and clinical practice, data are lacking on the rate of their use. Consistent use of objective measures of disease severity and progression would inform clinical decision-making and quantify the extent to which a treatment is producing the intended response.

Diagnosis Heterogeneity And Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Variants

In 1996 the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Society for PSP international workshop proposed criteria for the diagnosis of classic PSP . The criteria for possible or probable PSP included a progressive disorder with onset after the age of 40 with postural instability, significant falls, slowing of vertical saccades, or vertical gaze palsy. Definite PSP added the requirement of pathologic evidence. Supportive findings included symmetric rigidity, diminished response to levodopa, and early cognitive impairment. Factors excluding the diagnosis of PSP were encephalitis, focal brain lesion, hallucinations, dysautonomia, and alien limb syndrome. Cerebellar features were also previously included as exclusionary, but a recent description of a cerebellar variant of PSP has called this exclusion into question.

Diagnosis And Management Of Neurodegenerative Atypical Parkinsonism

Rachel Dolhun, MD

“Parkinsonism” and “parkinsonian” are terms broadly used to describe the motor features typically associated with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease . While there are other causes of parkinsonism , the neurodegenerative diseases that can cause parkinsonism are deserving of deeper consideration.* These conditions, frequently referred to as the atypical parkinsonian—or Parkinson’s plus—syndromes , include dementia with Lewy bodies , multiple system atrophy , progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration .

Definitive diagnosis of APS can be made only through neuropathological confirmation, the hallmark of which is intracellular protein deposition. Abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein is characteristic of PD, DLB, and MSA ; tau protein aggregates in PSP and CBD .1 The clinical relevance of differentiating synucleinopathies from tauopathies requires further study, but certain generalizations may help clinicians focus on potentially relevant aspects of the history and physical examination and thereby narrow the differential diagnosis.

Life Expectancy Of Parkinsonism Patients In The General Population

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Absolute life expectancy estimates of parkinsonism are easy to translate to patients.

•

Patients with parkinsonism have a reduced life expectancy compared to matched controls.

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The most prominent decrease in life expectancy is observed if parkinsonism is diagnosed before the age of 70.

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The number of years lived with parkinsonism in the general population is relatively low.

Understanding And Managing Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes fall into two broad categories – tauopathies and synucleinopathies – which indicate a build-up in the brain of the tau and alpha-synuclein proteins, respectively. Among atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, diagnostic accuracy is lowest for CBD , due to substantial overlap in clinical presentation with Alzheimer’s disease.3 To further complicate the diagnostic process, PD is a synucleinopathy, thus presenting similar signs associated with alpha-synuclein protein accumulation as MSA.

Currently, there are no effective Food and Drug Administration approved symptomatic or disease-modifying treatments for atypical Parkinsonian syndromes.5 Physicians often prescribe treatment regimens indicated for Parkinson’s disease , but these treatments are not as effective for atypical Parkinsonian syndromes.3 In a recent study, less than 25% of PSP and MSA patients reported that levodopa improved their symptoms.6 Recent clinical trials for new therapies failed to demonstrate efficacy on clinical outcome measures.6–9

How To Diagnose And Treat Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders

Tau

Distinguishing atypical parkinsonian syndromes, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy from Parkinson’s disease can be challenging due to the overlap of signs and symptoms between these diseases. Investigations important for correct diagnosis and potential treatment options for MSA and PSP were the topics of a therapeutic plenary session at the International Congress of Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorders in Nice, France.

Proper identification of phenotypes is very important, as patients with PSP-Richardson syndrome progress significantly faster than those with PSP-Parkinsonism

As shown by Shoeibi and colleagues5, proper identification of phenotypes is very important, as patients with PSP-Richardson syndrome progress significantly faster than those with PSP-Parkinsonism, although both groups had similar disease severity at screening.

Patients with MSA have autonomic failure such as orthostatic hypotension, urinary problems and erectile disturbances and further presents either with “classic” parkinsonian signs , or with cerebellar signs with gait/limb ataxia and speech problems. However, recent literature has highlighted the need for a revision of the second consensus criteria6 for an overall MSA diagnosis7, as it has been shown that a fairly low proportion of patients diagnosed with MSA met the pathological criteria for MSA at autopsy, and misdiagnosis with DLB, PSP and PD was common.8

Treatment options for MSA and PSP are very limited

What Are The Symptoms Of Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders

Like classic Parkinson’s disease, atypical Parkinsonian disorders cause muscle stiffness, tremor, and problems with walking/balance and fine motor coordination.

Patients with atypical Parkinsonism often have some degree of difficulty speaking or swallowing, and drooling can be a problem. Psychiatric disturbances such as agitation, anxiety or depression may also be part of the clinical picture.

Dementia with Lewy bodies can cause changes in attention or alertness over hours or days, often with long periods of sleep during the day. Visual hallucinations — typically of small animals or children, or moving shadows in the periphery of the visual field — are common in DLB. DLB is second only to Alzheimer’s disease as a cause of dementia in the elderly, and it most commonly affects patients in their 60s.

Patients with progressive supranuclear palsy may have difficulties with eye movements, particularly when looking downward, and with balance — when descending stairs, for instance. Backward falls are common and may occur during the early course of the disease. PSP is not usually associated with tremor, unlike Parkinson’s disease.

Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center

Learn more about the center

Ribbon Colors: What They Mean The Causes They Stand For

At Tuesday’s Senate confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh, a man with a small orange ribbon pinned to his suit reached out to shake the hand of the man who may just become the next Supreme Court justice. 

That man was Fred Guttenberg, father of Jaime Guttenberg, who was killed during the Parkland shooting. Kavanaugh turned away, leaving Guttenberg “I guess he did not want to deal with the reality of gun violence.” 

The interaction was caught on video and soon went viral on social media.

The orange ribbon is turning into a popular symbol for gun control — the latest shade of ribbon being used to trumpet awareness of a cause. What started as yellow ribbons to support troops and pink for breast cancer research has exploded into ribbons for a multitude of crusades and campaigns.

Guttenberg’s charity for his daughter is called Orange Ribbons for Jaime, but the orange ribbon and pin are also a symbol used by the nonprofit Everytown for Gun Safety. Celebrities like Amy Schumer and Lin Manuel Miranda have worn orange ribbons on the red carpet. 

Orange ribbons are also a symbol for leukemia awareness. Mix orange and white for a two-toned look and you have a ribbon meant to symbolize awareness for helmet safety.

Read more:

September is ovarian cancer awareness month, and teal ribbons are popping up everywhere. But teal ribbons also are a symbol for autism awareness and victims of Hurricane Katrina.

Gastrointestinal Issues In Advanced Parkinsons Disease

Problems with motility of the gut can be a major source of difficulty throughout the disease course and can be particularly problematic in advanced PD as well. . Constipation, which can be one of the earliest symptoms of PD is a very common problem throughout the disease course. Two gut issues that tend to be particularly problematic in people with advanced PD are abdominal pain and fecal incontinence.

What Color Do People Associate With Parkinsons Disease

Colors psychologically have an effect on us as humans. They can influence our choices, feelings, personalities, and even memories.

Today, colors are one of the most effective tools in marketing and design. There’s even color therapy, a form of alternative medicine that is thought to treat physical and emotional problems.

There are millions of colors out there. Red, blue and yellow are the 3 primary ones. Each of these colors has unique characteristics and effects on human behavior.

Red represents love, courage, aggression, rage, and danger. It is an emotional color that can influence people to make irrational decisions.

Blue represents trust, efficiency, coolness, security, and sadness. It’s also the symbol of logic, communication, and intelligence. It’s the opposite of red and is used to calm people down, promote logical decision making, relaxation, and more.

Yellow represents energy, hope, honor, fear, and fairness. It’s a symbol of caution that stands out and is used together with black on traffic signs, taxis, and school buses.

Atypical Parkinsonism Disorders Three Good Overviews

Brain Support Network is focused on four atypical parkinsonism disorders: LBD, PSP, MSA, and CBD. Here are links to three excellent overviews of these conditions from Parkinson’s Disease organizations:

Atypical Parkinsonism by Lawrence I. Golbe, MD, Professor of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ.  Published in The American Parkinson Disease Association Winter 2008 Newsletter

Atypical Parkinsonism by Michael J. Fox Foundation, un-dated.

Types of Parkinsonisms by Parkinson’s Foundation, un-dated.

Atypical Parkinsonism Or ‘parkinson’s Plus Syndromes’

“Parkinson’s Plus Syndromes” are less common than Parkinson’s disease.

Some atypical parkinsonism syndromes include:

Multiple system atrophy  This is a category of several disorders in which one or more body systems deteriorate.

Your doctor may classify you as having MSA-P, in which parkinsonian symptoms are dominant; or MSA-C, in which dysfunction of the cerebellum is dominant.

The names of some of these syndromes include olivopontocerebellar atrophy , Shy-Drager syndrome , and striatonigral degeneration .

Progressive supranuclear palsy  Symptoms of this condition usually begin after age 50 and proceed more rapidly than Parkinson’s disease.

In people with PSP, problems with eye movement can lead to blurry vision. Falls tend to occur early in the course of the disease, and dementia may occur later in the disease.

Corticobasal degeneration  This condition may cause jerking and loss of control in a limb, often without weakness in that limb.

If you have this disorder, you may be given Botox  to help your limb relax.

Lewy body dementia  LBD is the second leading cause of dementia in the elderly, after Alzheimer’s disease.

In this condition, the same Lewy bodies occur in the brain as in Parkinson’s disease, but in multiple areas of the brain.

If you have LBD, you may experience speech problems, hallucinations, and gradual cognitive decline.

What Are The Symptoms Of Atypical Parkinson’s Disease

A number of symptoms may lead the thought to atypical Parkinson’s, but they do not have to be present:

• Difficulty keeping the balance.

• Rapid worsening of the disease.

• Dementia / memory problems.

• Reduced eye movement.

• Problems that the medicine does not work properly, or rapid development of side effects in medicine.

• Early problems with raising .

• Problems with urination .

How Do I Register An Awareness Ribbon Color Or Design

Awareness Ribbons are not a centralized idea, there isn’t really an official place to go to register a design, or color. Currently, awareness ribbons are considered to be in the public domain in most countries, and a simple ribbon of a particular color is generally not considered sufficiently original and/or creative enough to be copyrighted by a person – or group. However, in a few cases several particular designs have been granted a special trademark status. Eg. Canada has granted “official mark” status for the pink awareness ribbons to the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.

If you are designing your own awareness ribbon and need color ideas, check out our comprehensive list of HEX and RGB color codes.

Va Adds Atypical Parkinsonism To List Of Agent Orange

The U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs, known as the VA, has added atypical Parkinsonism to the list of conditions presumptively associated with Agent Orange exposure during military service.

That will make U.S. military veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange eligible for the VA’s disability compensation benefits.

Atypical Parkinsonism refers to any condition characterized by Parkinson’s-like symptoms — such as tremors, slow movement, impaired speech, or muscle stiffness — caused by health conditions or factors other than Parkinson’s hallmark progressive loss of nerve cells in the brain.

Bladder cancer and hypothyroidism — a disorder in which the activity of the thyroid gland is impaired — also were added to the list of Agent Orange-associated conditions. Altogether, there now are 17 conditions on the list. Parkinson’s disease has been included since 2010.

“Many of our Nation’s Veterans have waited a long time for these benefits,” Denis McDonough, the VA secretary, said in a recent agency blog post.

“VA will not make them wait any longer,” McDonough said, adding that “this is absolutely the right thing to do for Veterans and their families.”

During the Vietnam War, the U.S. used several herbicides, including Agent Orange, to destroy foliage in the jungle and increase visibility. The herbicide, named for the orange band around its storage barrel, also was used to destroy enemy crops, so as to limit their food supply.

Chemical That Triggers Parkinsons Disease Discovered

Date:

Saint Louis University

Summary:

The key brain chemical that causes Parkinson’s disease has been discovered. This is a breakthrough finding that could pave the way for new, far more effective therapies to treat one of the most common and debilitating neurological disorders.

Researchers at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine have discovered the key brain chemical that causes Parkinson’s disease – a breakthrough finding that could pave the way for new, far more effective therapies to treat one of the most common and debilitating neurological disorders.

Currently, the main approach for treating Parkinson’s disease, which afflicts more than 1.5 million Americans, is to replace dopamine that’s lost when the cells that produce it die off and cause the disorder. With this new research, however, scientists can better work toward ‘neuroprotective’ therapies – those that actually block dopamine cells from dying off in the first place.

“We believe this work represents a very significant breakthrough in understanding the complicated chemical process that results in Parkinson’s disease,” said William J. Burke, M.D., Ph.D., professor of neurology at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine and the study’s lead author.

“For the first time, we’ve identified the chemical that triggers the events in the brain that cause this disorder,” Burke added. “We believe these findings can be used to develop therapies that can actually stop or slow this process.”

Story Source:

How Do I Submit An Awareness Ribbon Color Or Design

You are welcome to submit an awareness ribbon color and/or design to add to our list provided it meets the following criteria:

• When submitting an awareness ribbon, or design, please provide an example of where the ribbon is currently used, e.g. web-page address, organization etc.
• Do NOT post, or redesign, awareness ribbons that are trademarked – , . Some ribbons, including style, color, and design are copyrighted, you should thoroughly research the ribbon design you are wishing to submit to avoid possible copyright infringement.
• To avoid listing several different ribbons and/or designs for the same cause the awareness ribbon and/or design you wish to submit MUST be recognized as the most popular one chosen for the cause it represents – Different styles and colors recognized by different countries are OK.

To submit an awareness ribbon, or if you know a ribbon/cause we have listed is not correct, or if you know of an awareness ribbon color or cause we have missed, please contact us.

Fecal Incontinence In Advanced Parkinsons Disease

Fecal incontinence is a very debilitating symptom that can occur in advanced PD and refers to the involuntary release of fecal matter.

Once again, fecal incontinence, especially if it is a new symptom, should be fully evaluated to determine if there is a cause unrelated to PD. Diseases of the gut such as inflammatory bowel disease or compression of the lower spine cord can be the reason.

If related to PD, there are typically two situations to consider. One possibility is that severe constipation with impacted bowel movement allows loose stool from higher up in the gastrointestinal tract to escape around the edges of the obstruction. In this situation, fecal incontinence could be a harbinger of bowel obstruction. Aggressive and continuous treatment of constipation can help avoid this potential scenario.

Fecal incontinence can also be related to nerve dysfunction of the anal sphincter, or the ring of muscle that controls when feces is released. Cognitive dysfunction and mobility issues may further interfere with getting to the bathroom in time. Some treatment options are similar to urinary incontinence including the use of bedside equipment to minimize mobility issues and introduction of pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the musculature that keeps feces in place.

As with urinary incontinence, frequent and rapid exchange of dirtied incontinence products can keep skin intact and prevent infection.

Tips and Takeaways

 

Dr. Rebecca Gilbert

Developing An Economic Framework To Capture Value

Due to the lack of current treatments for atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, models to establish and quantify the value of disease-modifying treatments are lacking. New treatments are scrutinized via cost-effectiveness analyses, which are often limited in their measurement of patient, caregiver, or payer value.

An economic framework that captures novel elements of value – such as indirect costs involved with lost work years, informal caregiver burden, and formal skilled nursing – is needed to fully understand the potential impact of disease-modifying treatments. The unique burden imposed on formal and informal caregiving is a key component of both healthcare utilization and societal costs that needs to be accounted for when quantifying the value of treatments.

Given the high lifetime burden of illness and diminished length and quality of life involved with each of these diseases, a robust economic framework is critical to characterizing the value of disease-modifying treatments. In addition, such an economic framework can be used to inform reimbursement decisions once treatments are developed.

If Parkinsons Were A Color What Color Would It Be

During one of my many moments spent pondering frivolous stuff, I recently was thinking about colors and the emotions they represent. Here is what I came up with.

I love the color yellow. It reminds me of walking into spring, hoe in hand and clippers in tow. Then I waltz into summer, with a song in my heart as I watch my garden grow. The flowers are blooming with more buds yet to open.

Among my favorites are the tall, bright sunflowers that reach up to the heavens. But there are no sunflowers with Parkinson’s disease as the color yellow doesn’t exist.

Parkinsonism Due To Other Neurological Disorders

The following neurological disorders are known to cause parkinsonian symptoms:

Vascular parkinsonism Also known as arteriosclerotic parkinsonism, this condition is caused by multiple small strokes.

The onset of symptoms can be sudden or gradual, and often includes mobility problems in your legs. Symptoms may level off for a period of time.

Vascular parkinsonism has the slowest rate of progression of all atypical parkinsonisms. It doesn’t usually cause tremors, either.

Post-traumatic parkinsonism Also known as post-traumatic encephalopathy or “punch-drunk syndrome,” this condition may be caused by a severe head injury or by frequent head trauma, such as from boxing or football.

Post-traumatic parkinsonism can lead to a type of dementia called chronic traumatic encephalopathy . In March 2016, the National Football League admitted that there might be a link between CTE and head trauma.

Essential tremor This is a tremor that tends to run in families and become worse over time. It’s usually seen most severely in the hands, especially when the hands are moving.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus  This condition is caused by an abnormal increase in fluid in the cavities of the brain.

NPH can sometimes be treated by draining the extra fluid into your abdomen using a shunt.

Environmentally Caused Parkinsonism

The following disorders are caused by outside factors like drugs and infection:

The following substances can cause drug-induced parkinsonism:

Rapid Disease Progression And Functional Decline

Disease progression and functional decline occur more rapidly in atypical Parkinsonian syndromes than in PD.11,21 Atypical Parkinsonian syndromes are characterized by motor and non-motor functional decline, resulting in approximately 50% of MSA patients requiring a walking aid within three years of symptom onset.16 Most MSA patients are bedridden within 6 to 8 years of symptom onset.16 A recent study found that among PSP and MSA patients who had not yet retired, all were unable to work due to their illness.17

Informal caregivers are relied upon to provide daily care to people with atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Among PSP and MSA patients, 93% relied upon informal caregivers.17 High rates of depression, apathy, and other psychiatric comorbidities among patients with atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, together with the substantial reliance on caregivers in this population, suggest a great risk of caregiver strain.15

Caregivers of patients with PSP report high psychological burden and depressive symptoms themselves.22 Caregiver burden is associated with caregiver stress, depression, and healthcare utilization, and has a psychological and performance impact on their own daily activities at work and at home.23

Awareness Ribbons What Does Each Color Represent

January 27, 2021

Awareness ribbons are symbols meant to show support or raise consciousness for a cause. There are many different colors and patterns and each of them is associated with a different condition. An awareness ribbon is simply a short piece of colored ribbon that is folded in a loop. People wear them to show support for their cause.

Apart from wearing the actual ribbon to show support, you can also use other items with ribbons on them. Like apparel or stickers. It helps to mention specifically which cause you support because many awareness ribbons represent various diseases and conditions. One specific color can represent multiple causes. There are more awareness ribbons made every single day.

Below is the most comprehensive list I could make for you that includes chronic illness, mental health, birth defect, and other medial causes. Please let me know if something is missing or if you’ve found another color than listed in this article.

 

What Color Ribbon Represents Parkinsons Disease

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Symptomatic Management Of Atypical Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism. Despite the fact that benefit is transient and is usually modest at best, levodopa is the first-line therapy for parkinsonism in the APS. To adequately assess responsiveness, a trial of at least 1g/day levodopa for a period of two to three months is recommended.3,11 High doses may not be tolerated, however, and in MSA, levodopa is likely to exacerbate orthostatic hypotension and induce early orofacial dyskinesia or dystonia.2,3 Dopamine agonists, amantadine and MAO-B inhibitors may be alternatives to levodopa, but these have variable, and oftentimes limited, efficacy and are frequently poorly tolerated.1,2,3,13 Physical and occupational therapy are important complementary components in the management of parkinsonism.

Dystonia.Botulinum toxin injections are a good option for focal dystonia—blepharospasm in PSP, upper extremity dystonia in CBD, and select cases of anterocollis and laryngeal stridor in MSA.7 Systemic side effects are usually minimal and treatment response is high.1 Oral agents are rarely effective for dystonia in APS.1,13 PT and OT can be helpful adjuncts to pharmacologic therapy.

Myoclonus.Myoclonus—most commonly encountered in CBD—can often be alleviated with benzodiazepines but levetiracetam, gabapentin and valproic acid may be alternative options.1,13

Dysautonomia.The autonomic symptoms of MSA are individually targeted in efforts to improve quality of life and maximize overall care .