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HomeHow To Reduce Risk Of Parkinson's Disease

How To Reduce Risk Of Parkinson’s Disease

Research Design And Methods

Six independent cross-sectional population surveys were carried out in five geographic areas of Finland in 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997 . In 1972 and 1977, a randomly selected sample making up 6.6% of the population born between 1913 and 1947 was drawn. Since 1982, the sample was stratified by area, sex, and 10-year age-group according to the World Health Organization MONICA protocol . The subjects included in the six surveys were 2564 years of age, and the 1997 survey also included subjects aged 6574 years. Subjects who participated in more than one survey were included only in the first survey cohort. The total sample size of the six surveys was 53,166. The participation rate varied by year from 74 to 88% . After excluding 123 subjects because of prevalent Parkinson’s disease at baseline, 112 subjects because of prevalent type 1 diabetes at baseline or during follow-up, and 1,379 subjects because of incomplete data on any variables required, the present analyses comprise 25,168 men and 26,384 women. The participants gave informed consent . These surveys were conducted according to the ethical rules of the National Public Health Institute, and the investigations were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Therapy Regimen By Comparing The Effects Of Different Intensities Of Physical Activity On Pd

The light physical activity reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha in the skeletal muscle and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the soleus muscles . Linke’s study found that physical activity can not only reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the blood but also enhance the activity of free radical scavengers . Schulze’s findings suggest that physical activity enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in the vascular endothelium through a shear stress-dependent mechanism . Vettor’s findings demonstrate that physical activity promotes endothelial NO synthase- dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart, which behaves as an essential step in cardiac glucose transport . The light activity can reduce oxidative stress and enhance mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, blood, and heart. These protective effects can improve autonomic dysfunction , sleep quality , and depression in PD patients.

A Higher Consumption Of Vitamin C Was Linked To A 32 Percent Reduced Risk Of Parkinson’s

Taking into consideration the participants’ age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity, the researchers found that those in the highest vitamin intake group had a 32 percent reduced risk of Parkinson’s compared to the lowest intake group.

“Researchers found a rate of 64 cases of Parkinson’s disease per 100,000 person-years in the group that consumed the highest amounts compared to a rate of 132 cases in the group that consumed the lowest amounts,” the authors said in a statement, noting that “person-years take into account both the number of people in the study and the amount of time each person spends in the study.”

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that is normally found in fruits and vegetables, according to the National Institutes of Health . The vitaminwhich can be consumed through oranges, grapefruits, broccoli, and tomatoesis a water-soluble nutrient that “helps protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals.” It helps your body produce of collagen, strengthens your immune system, and boosts your body’s absorption of iron.

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How Can Lifestyle Behaviours Affect Pd Outcomes

Lifestyle behaviours may play a role in neuroprotection, disease progression, and symptom management. Neuroprotection refers to protecting the structure or function of nerve cells, thereby reducing neurodegeneration. Treatments that target anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways are one area of focus, with promising dietary sources including flavonoids, caffeine, and high-purine foods that result in higher urate levels . Epidemiological studies show consistent associations of smoking and physical activity with reduced risk of PD . It is debatable whether nicotine is neuroprotective or whether the observation is due to the harm-avoiding personality of people who develop PD . As shown in animal models, exercise is beneficial to cell regeneration, survival, and oxidative stress , and thus can be recommended as an approach for neuroprotection.

Disease modification refers to the ability to affect the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and have a beneficial effect on the course of the disease by stopping, slowing, or reversing progression. No study to date has shown a delay in progression of neurodegeneration in PD. This is primarily because of the difficulty in monitoring progression. Neuroimaging via 18F-DOPA PET and 123I-beta-CIT SPECT allows monitoring of the progressive loss of presynaptic nigrostriatal projections in PD, but these measures are expensive, variable, and unable to detect subtle changes.

What Are The Surgical Treatments For Parkinsons Disease

Parkinsons disease: Energy deficiency in cells could be ...

Most patients with Parkinsons disease can maintain a good quality of life with medications. However, as the disease worsens, medications may no longer be effective in some patients. In these patients, the effectiveness of medications becomes unpredictable reducing symptoms during on periods and no longer controlling symptoms during off periods, which usually occur when the medication is wearing off and just before the next dose is to be taken. Sometimes these variations can be managed with changes in medications. However, sometimes they cant. Based on the type and severity of your symptoms, the failure of adjustments in your medications, the decline in your quality of life and your overall health, your doctor may discuss some of the available surgical options.

Take Control Of Your Health

As more people live longer, the incidence of chronic conditions is increasing, including Parkinsons disease.

However, as in the case of other chronic conditions, evidence is building that keeping your body and mind healthy might prevent or slow down the progression of Parkinsons.

Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet and manage your stress to maintain the best possible quality of life.

Randomized Controlled Trials Of Exercise And Pd

There have been many clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of exercise as a symptomatic therapy for PD motor and NMS . Nevertheless, the variability in study design, exercise mode and regimen, participant selection, and outcome measurement tool used in the RCTs makes comparison between the studies difficult, and results in the inability to define exercise prescription; i.e., the formulation , dose , route , frequency , and duration . While not intended to exhaustively cover all exercise RCTs in PD, this section summarizes some of the more recent and rigorous interventional study data, highlighting RCTs that addressed the important question of exercise prescription in their design. This section aims to lay the groundwork and underline the need for more rigorously designed exercise RCTs, as will be discussed in our final section Designing clinical trials for exercise.

Does Smoking Protect From Parkinsons Disease

In addition to the numerous studies that demonstrate that PD rates are lower in cigarette smokers than the general population, there are studies that show that the inverse relationship between smoking and PD is dose-dependent. That is, the more a person smokes, the less of a chance that he or she will develop PD. Another study investigated identical twin pairs in which one had PD and the other did not.  The twin without PD tended to smoke more than the twin with PD. Since identical twins share the same DNA and often the same environment, many of the variables normally associated with a difference in risk of PD were removed except for smoking. The study is therefore cited as evidence that smoking is protective against PD.

Even if this theory is correct, and smoking does protect people from Parkinsons disease, all physicians and researchers agree, that this does not mean that increasing the rates of smoking among the general population is a desirable strategy to prevent PD. That is because epidemiologic studies have also consistently found that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for a variety of deadly diseases including lung cancer, emphysema, heart disease and stroke. Researchers have therefore tried to harness the possibly protective nature of cigarette smoke in other ways.

Caffeine: Maybe Another Iron Chelator

Postuma et al. found that patients with PD improved by taking caffeine pills for 2 months. For the study, 61 PD patients with a mean age of 60 years were selected. In six weeks, 30 of the participants received caffeine pills in an amount equivalent to two cups of coffee a day and the remaining 31 subjects got placebo capsules. At the end of the study, the patients who had ingested caffeine reported, in addition to less drowsiness, a general improvement in motor symptoms such as muscle stiffness and movement difficulties . A larger multicenter follow up study was however unable to reproduce these findings .

Exercise And The Rate Of Pd Motor And Non

Exercise may also be disease-modifying in fully manifest PD as well as in prodromal and preclinical stages. Longitudinal cohort studies have demonstrated that exercise can be a predictor of slower progression of both motor and non-motor symptoms. In the population-based Parkinsons Environment and Gene study in central California, Paul et al. evaluated the association between physical activity and progression of both motor and non-motor symptoms in 244 subjects with early PD . They analyzed the subjects history of ever having participated in competitive sports and their overall physical activity level, in metabolic-equivalent hours per week , across 4 age periods of adulthood. Over 5.3 years of follow-up they observed that those with a history of competitive sports were less likely to suffer a 4-point decline on the Mini-Mental State Exam , or convert to stage 3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale of motor disability . There was also a trend between higher MET-h/week and slower progression on MMSE and conversion to Hoehn and Yahr stage 3, with HR 0.71 , and 0.73 , respectively, .

How Do I Prevent Falls From Common Hazards

  • Floors: Remove all loose wires, cords, and throw rugs. Minimize clutter. Make sure rugs are anchored and smooth. Keep furniture in its usual place.
  • Bathroom: Install grab bars and non-skid tape in the tub or shower. Use non-skid bath mats on the floor or install wall-to-wall carpeting.
  • Lighting: Make sure halls, stairways, and entrances are well-lit. Install a night light in your bathroom or hallway and staircase. Turn lights on if you get up in the middle of the night. Make sure lamps or light switches are within reach of the bed if you have to get up during the night.
  • Kitchen: Install non-skid rubber mats near the sink and stove. Clean spills immediately.
  • Stairs: Make sure treads, rails, and rugs are secure. Install a rail on both sides of the stairs. If stairs are a threat, it might be helpful to arrange most of your activities on the lower level to reduce the number of times you must climb the stairs.
  • Entrances and doorways: Install metal handles on the walls adjacent to the doorknobs of all doors to make it more secure as you travel through the doorway.

Scientifically Backed Ways To Prevent Parkinsons Disease

Dopamine plays a major role in a variety of mental and physical functions, including:

  • Voluntary movement
  • Memory
  • General behavior

Parkinsons now afflicts roughly 1.5 million people in the United States alone, with primary symptoms being body tremors, slow movement, rigid limbs, reduced memory, a shuffling gait and speech impairment. So we have to ask:

1.) What causes it?

2.) How do we prevent it?

Currently there isnt a known cure, and its not fully understood what causes the dip in dopamine; however, we know that aging is the single most important risk factor for PD, with inflammation and stress contributing to cell damage. And we now know enough about the disease to understand the preventative measures that counter the aging and death of the neurons under attack.

Because there is no known cure, its critical that we prevent the disease before symptoms arise. Granted, thanks to recent advancements in modern surgical procedures, there are some safe surgeries that can mitigate some of the more severe symptoms associated with PD. The most common one now is deep brain stimulation, in which they implant an electrode into the brain that can stop some of the more severe symptoms of Parkinsons.

But this article will try to keep it from getting to that point. The less drugs and surgery we can have in our lives, the better.

Assessment Of Type 2 Diabetes At Baseline

Parkinsons disease: Energy deficiency in cells could be ...

Assessment of the history of type 2 diabetes was based on self-reporting and on the data of two nationwide registers. The National Hospital Discharge Register data included hospital discharge diagnoses since 1968. Data on diabetes medication were ascertained from the national Social Insurance Institution’s register on special reimbursement for antidiabetic drugs from 1964. Antidiabetic drugs prescribed by a physician are free of charge in Finland and are subject to approval of a physician of the Institution who reviews each case history. The physician confirms the diagnosis of diabetes, applying the World Health Organization criteria: one or more classic symptoms plus a fasting plasma glucose level 7.8 mmol/l or the oral glucose tolerance test 11.1 mmol/l; at least one raised plasma glucose concentration on a fasting plasma glucose level 7.8 mmol/l or the oral glucose tolerance test 11.1 mmol/l in the absence of symptoms; or treatment with a hypoglycemic drug . All patients receiving free medication were entered into a register maintained by the Social Insurance Institution. Subjects who reported having diabetes on the questionnaire, or who had a hospital discharge with a diagnosis of diabetes, or the approval for free-of-charge medication for diabetes before the baseline survey, were classified as having the history of diabetes at baseline.

Exercise And The Risk Of Developing Pd

Most prospective cohort studies have found an inverse relationship or trend between physical activity and the subsequent development of PD , with a pooled hazard ratio of 0.66 for developing PD when comparing the highest level of physical activity with the lowest level . The first published study linking prior physical activity to PD was by Sasco et al. who carried out a case-control study in 50,002 male students attending the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard College between the years 1916 and 1950. Their study observed lower odds of developing PD if the student played varsity sports or underwent regular exercise in college with OR of 0.64 and 0.83, respectively. They also observed that in adulthood, those subjects who engaged in moderate exercise or heavy sports had lower odds of developing PD, although neither of these associations achieved statistical significance .

Other epidemiological studies that support the inverse relationship between physical activity and developing PD include studies from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort , the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort ; the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey , a populated-based case-control study in California , and the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe .

Can Parkinsons Disease Be Prevented

Unfortunately, no. Parkinsons disease is long-term disease that worsens over time. Although there is no way to prevent or cure the disease , medications may significantly relieve your symptoms. In some patients especially those with later-stage disease, surgery to improve symptoms may be an option.

Eight Causes Of Parkinsons Disease

Many scientists and doctors dream of developing a cure for Parkinsons disease. However, the reality is that Parkinsons disease is caused by multiple factors and therefore is unlikely to respond to a single therapy.

we can make more progress and improve quality of life by addressing the many underlying causes of Parkinsons disease

Tests To Rule Out Other Conditions

Blood tests can help rule out other possible causes of the symptoms, such as abnormal thyroid hormone levels or liver damage.

An or CT scan can check for signs of a stroke or brain tumor, which may cause similar symptoms.

Hydrocephalus due to atrophy can occur with some types of dementia and would be visible with one of these imaging tests. If the person has neurologic symptoms but a normal scan result, Parkinsons disease may be present.

The doctor a lumbar puncture to rule out inflammation or a brain infection.

Nutrition Is The Foundation

You notice the foundation of this Stress Triangle is nutrition.  As a Christian, and I think many of you will agree, I once believed the foundation for a healthy life was addressing spiritual and emotional stress.  However, since I became Wonderfully Well back in 2005, Ive experienced and watched a huge transformation take place in my students when they address Nutritional Stress.

Look around you.  How many good and godly men and women do you know who are falling apart physically?  They are connected to God in prayer and the Word, they are involved in a church fellowship, possibly they have gone and been anointed and prayed for to receive healingbut they are still sick.  And they dont nourish their bodies.

Potential Modifiers Of Disease Progression

Less is known about lifestyle associations with PD progression, primarily due to the heterogeneous nature of symptoms unique to individuals, in addition to the absence of sensitive and reliable biomarkers. Moreover, given the extensive neuronal damage at diagnosis, lifestyle behaviours after the diagnosis are more likely to impact the quality of life than dopamine levels, the latter of which may be measured via imaging techniques. PD progression is generally assessed by clinical evaluations of motor function, a stable medication dose, and surveys on quality of life and non-motor symptoms. The limitations of clinical and self-assessments as primary measures of health outcomes include composite scores of multiple outcome domains, variability in performance assessments due to assessor subjectivity and possibly medication effects, and the lack of sensitivity to detect small changes which may not be clinically relevant.

#1: Eat Organic And Local Foods

The pesticides and herbicides that are used in commercial farming have already been badly implicated in being a major cause of Parkinsons. Researchers have been able to determine that the brains of the people who have this disorder have a lot of these pesticides and herbicides in them. It is also very much worth pointing out that the agricultural workers generally find themselves suffering from PD much more than the general population.

This is why it may be vitally important to eat organic produce in order to reduce the risk of PD. This is a particular reason why knowing where your food comes from is so important. It will be a good idea to get to know the farmers that you have in your vicinity and get your produce from them. If you have space, you can even start your own little garden, which is the absolute best form of local food production.

What Factors Cause It And How Can We Prevent It

Schematic presentation of neuronal death in Parkinson

It is important to note here that there is not a known cure that exists for this disorder and what causes the disorder is also not fully known. However, what we can confirm is that aging really is the number one factor that can be considered as being the most important risk factor for developing this disorder. Stress and inflammation also contribute to cell damage.

Due to the fact that there are no known cures for this disease, it is very important that we try to prevent the disease before it gets a hold of a person. There are some modern surgical methods that are able to mitigate some of the damages caused by the disorder but still, it is best to not get it in the first place.

The purpose of this article is to give you some pointers as to how you can keep yourself in proper health condition so that you do not become a victim of Parkinsons.

How To Prevent Parkinson’s Disease

This article was medically reviewed by Troy A. Miles, MD. Dr. Miles is an Orthopedic Surgeon specializing in Adult Joint Reconstruction in California. He received his MD from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 2010, followed by a residency at the Oregon Health & Science University and fellowship at the University of California, Davis. He is a Diplomat of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and is a member of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery, and the North Pacific Orthopaedic Society.There are 23 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 32,218 times.

Multiple Physical Activities Can Improve Motor And Nonmotor Symptoms Of Parkinson’s Disease

Mehrholz et al. and Herman et al.’s study found that running can improve gait and physical fitness and better safety . Aguiar et al. indicated that regular dancing has the benefit of balance and mobility in PD patients . The rhythmic music used in dancing could activate neurons that are conducive to motor control, accompanied by increasing blood flow in the hippocampus, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex. This promotion of neural plasticity improves movement, balance, and cognition of the body . Also, Tai Chi and Qigong could upgrade the motor function and balance ability of patients with mild to moderate PD . Yoga provides modest improvements in motor functions, mobility, balance, flexibility, and strength in upper and lower limbs, while helps reduce the fear of falls in Parkinson’s patients .

#3: Make Sure That You Are Getting Enough Omega

PD is a condition that is by its very nature, inflammatory. Therefore, researchers have really looked into the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 acids to see how they can help. Omega 3 acids are things that are a very important part of making sure that cell degeneration and death do not happen. The benefits of these fatty acids are not restricted to preventing PD only. There are a whole other host of benefits of these acids as well.

A study that was conducted in 2008 in Canada was able to prove the effectiveness that these acids have in being able to combat the onset of PD.

Pesticide And Herbicide Exposure

A strong link has been shown between PD and exposure to pesticides and herbicides. We need more Parkinsons-specific research to better understand what causes PD and to work to prevent it and help eliminate the risk of getting the disease, when it comes to all environmental risk factors and whether genetics can cause an increased risk in developing Parkinsons.

One herbicide that has been linked to Parkinsons is paraquat, a widely used commercial herbicide in the U.S. that is banned in 32 countries, including the European Union and China. The Parkinsons Foundation, along with the Unified Parkinsons Advocacy Council, signed two letters to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency encouraging them to cancel the registration of paraquat based on strong scientific research linking the herbicide to Parkinsons disease. In October 2020, the EPA re-approved paraquat for use in the U.S. Without additional action, paraquat will remain legal for sale and use in the U.S. for the next 15 years.

How Can My Aging Loved One Avoid Parkinsons Naturally

More than 1.5 million people in the United States have Parkinsons, and this pervasive disease can impact almost every aspect of an individuals health. While doctors havent come up with a permanent cure for Parkinsons, theyve identified a few natural strategies that can be used to minimize the risk of developing this neurodegenerative disorder.

Is Parkinsons Disease Inherited

Scientists have discovered gene mutations that are associated with Parkinsons disease.

There is some belief that some cases of early-onset Parkinsons disease disease starting before age 50 may be inherited. Scientists identified a gene mutation in people with Parkinsons disease whose brains contain Lewy bodies, which are clumps of the protein alpha-synuclein. Scientists are trying to understand the function of this protein and its relationship to genetic mutations that are sometimes seen in Parkinsons disease and in people with a type of dementia called Lewy body dementia.

Several other gene mutations have been found to play a role in Parkinsons disease. Mutations in these genes cause abnormal cell functioning, which affects the nerve cells ability to release dopamine and causes nerve cell death. Researchers are still trying to discover what causes these genes to mutate in order to understand how gene mutations influence the development of Parkinsons disease.

Scientists think that about 10% to 15% of persons with Parkinsons disease may have a genetic mutation that predisposes them to development of the disease. There are also environmental factors involved that are not fully understood.

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